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Nantucket Pine Tip Moth
- Scientific name: Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock)
- Tree species affected: nearly all native and exotic pine species (Pinus spp.)
- TN counties affected: Various counties statewide
- Current regulations: No
- Basic summary: Native to North America, the Nantucket pine tip moth damages pine seedlings and saplings by injuring the growing shoots. This stunts growth, causes deformities, or leads to mortality. Several species of insects and birds prey on the Nantucket pine tip moth. Insecticide treatment is not cost effective in plantations but can be used in seed orchards, Christmas tree plantations, or nurseries
Primary pathways: moth flight |
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Ips Beetles (Ips ssp.)
- Scientific name: Ips avulsus, Ips caligraphus, Ips grandicollis (three different species)
- Tree species affected: Loblolly (Pinus taeda), shortleaf (Pinus echinata), pitch (Pinus rigida), and Virginia (Pinus virginiana), and other yellow pine.
- TN counties with known occurrences: Various counties statewide
- Current regulations: No
- Basic summary: Native to United States the Ips beetle is the second most destructive pine pest. The beetles are attracted to stressed or dying trees and cause individual tree or large scale mortality. Mortality is caused by structural damage from beetle behavior as well as the introduction of the bluestain fungus. Proper forest management and vigilance are best methods of control.
- Primary pathways: green logs, beetle flight
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Black Turpentine Beetle
- Scientific name: Dendroctonus terebrans
- Tree species affected: Loblolly (Pinus taeda), shortleaf (Pinus echinata), pitch (Pinus rigida), and Virginia (Pinus virginiana), and other yellow pine.
- TN counties with known occurrences: Various counties statewide
- Current regulations: No
- Basic summary: Native to United States the black turpentine beetle is the largest of the pine beetles. The beetles are likely to be found living in trees that have been previously infested by other pine beetles. They may cause individual tree or large scale mortality. Mortality is caused by structural damage from beetle behavior as well as the introduction of the bluestain fungus. Proper forest management and vigilance are best methods of control.
- Primary pathways: green logs, beetle flight
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Red Headed Pine Sawflies
- Scientific name: Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch)
- Tree species affected: Pine species (Pinus spp.)
- TN counties affected: Various counties statewide
- Current regulations: No
- Basic summary: Native to North America, the redheaded pine sawfly is a major defoliator in young pine plantations. The larvae will consume most of the pine needle, leaving a reddish brown straw-like stalk. The older larvae will consume the entire needle and when the tree is completely defoliated, they move to adjacent trees and continue feeding. Cultural controls using proper forest management and biological controls such as rodents and disease keeps redheaded pine sawfly populations in check. Chemical controls are available but rarely necessary.
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Pales Weevil and Pitch-Eating Weevil
- Scientific name: Pales weevil: Hylobius pales (Herbst); pitch-eating weevil: Pachylobius picivorus (Germar)
- Tree species affected: Pine species (Pinus spp.)
- TN counties affected: Various counties statewide
- Current regulations: No
- Basic summary: Native to North America, these weevils are serious pests in newly planted pine plantations. They feed on the bark and twigs of seedlings and larger trees. Girdling of the stem through feeding causes wilting or death. It is also common for these weevils to feed under the rood collar. Cultural practices such as delaying planting for one season if harvest was conducted after July or reducing clearcut size help control weevil populations. Planting seedlings treated with a registered insecticide is also an option.
- Primary pathways: insect flight
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